Women gathering sand oysters in Mozambique. [76][77][78], South Sudan peacefully seceded from the Sudan in 2011, six and a half years after a peace agreement ended the Second Sudanese Civil War. WWF has also helped community fishing councils gain authority to combat illegal fishing in the reserve. Today, tourism is an important part of the economies of Kenya, Tanzania, Seychelles, and Uganda. The main ethnic groups of Eritrea, the Tigray and the Tigre, are speakers of Semitic languages. Local communities need the ability to protect their resources against illegal activities. Temperatures in East Africa, except on the hot and generally humid coastal belt, are moderate, with maxima of around 25 C (77 F) and minima of 15 C (59 F) at an altitude of 1,500 . All travel bookings booked via Trust my Travel are financially protected by them. Over several centuries countless East Africans were sold as slaves by Muslim Arabs to the Middle East and other places via the Sahara desert and Indian Ocean. In: The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire. The Portuguese presence in the area officially began after 1505, when flagships under the command of Don Francisco de Almeida conquered Kilwa, an island located in what is now southern Tanzania. Starting in the 1850s, the small protectorate of Djibouti became French Somaliland in 1897. The southern three-fourths of Somalia became an Italian protectorate (Italian Somaliland). Seyyid said later introduced copper and silver coins. Fig. South Sudanese independence was nearly derailed by the South Kordofan conflict, particularly a dispute over the status of the Abyei Area, and both Abyei and South Kordofan's Nuba Hills remained a source of tension between Juba and Khartoum as of 2011[update]. The German Empire gained control of a large area named German East Africa, comprising present-day Rwanda, Burundi and the mainland part of Tanzania named Tanganyika. Azania Vol. We also provide tools to reduce conflict with wildlife. Atlantic Ocean, body of salt water covering approximately one-fifth of Earth's surface and separating the continents of Europe and Africa to the east from those of North and South America to the west. Climate change is expected to intensify these and other problems. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. 2023 World Wildlife Fund. The Dragonfly Sea (2019) by Kenyan author Yvonne Owuor follows the story of a protagonist named Ayaana on the island of Pate. The Agulhas Current flows from northeast to southwest, almost hugging the east coast of South Africa, and transports warm water from the Indian down into the Southern Ocean. [44] The old kingdom's first mention dates to the 25th century BCE. Few would imagine that there could be more natural beauty on offer. Moreover, at Zanzibar an extant Kfic inscription (the only one) recording the construction of a mosque by Sheikh al-Sayyid Ab Imrn Ms ibn al-asan ibn Muammad in 1107 confirms that by this time substantial Muslim settlements had been established. This article covers the history of the area from ancient times through the 20th century. With its original speech community centered on the coastal parts of Tanzania (particularly Zanzibar) and Kenyaa seaboard referred to as the Swahili Coastthe Bantu Swahili language contains many Arabic loan-words as a consequence of these interactions. Eastern Africa consists largely of plateaus and has most of the highest elevations in the continent. (RSA) +27 (87) 551-8105 1250 24th Street, N.W. eastern Africa, part of sub-Saharan Africa comprising two traditionally recognized regions: East Africa, made up of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda; and the Horn of Africa, made up of Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia. 100 km wide), swift (up to 3 m/s) and deep (2 km). KEN MORIYASU, Nikkei Asia chief desk editor June 30, 2021 03:53 JST. By 2050, there could be more plastic than fish in the seas by weight, according to one estimate. Stay safe. Both the Tigray and the Amhara, another Semitic-speaking group, dominate northwestern Ethiopia. The east coast of Africa experiences seasonally alternating 'trade' winds which have enabled sailing dhows to travel up and down the coast, fostering the movement of people and goods between the countries of Arabia, the Western Indian Ocean and East Africa for many centuries. The Italian occupation of Ethiopia ended in 1941 during World War II as part of the East African Campaign.The French also staked out an East African outpost on the route to French Indochina. Just as there are major conservation issues for the animals on the continent of Africa such as poaching, habitat destruction, and other threats, there are many issues and concerns for the East African marine ecosystems and animals. Each year, tons of flip. Encyclopedia Britannica, inc, Jacob E. Safra, J. D. Fage, A history of Africa, Routledge, 2002, p.29, Daniel Don Nanjira, African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy: From Antiquity to the 21st Century, ABC-CLIO, 2010, p.114. Carefully selected conservation projects one-stop, seamless, transparent donations APP subscribers only. A green turtle swims in the blue waters at Marsa Abu Dabbab in the Red Sea, Egypt Cristian Umili (Photographer of the Year 2018 entrant), ? [79], According to the CIA, as of 2017, the countries in the eastern Africa region have a total population of around 537.9 million inhabitants.[80]. 08/22/2019. Foreigners operate large-scale industrial fisheries along the coast, exporting most of the catch. Along the coasts, you can find dugongs, whale sharks, dolphins, whales, and five species of marine turtles. Join us as we take a glimpse into the underwater world of our African oceans and seas through the eyes of photographers who submitted their photos into ourPhotographer of the Year2016, 2017 and 2018 competitions. Out here in the deep blue waters, the fin indeed belongs to a blue shark, swimming just below the surface. A green turtle that was accidentally caught in fishing gear is about to be returned to the wild by WWF staff. These voyages of discovery by the Chinese to the African Red Sea coast, East Africa and its Indian Ocean islands, required sea-worthy vessels. Map 9.9. Shaped by global plate tectonic forces that have created the East African Rift, East Africa is the site of Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya, the two tallest peaks in Africa. The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Eastern Africa, 16001800 A.D. Humanities LibreTexts - East Africa and the Horn of Africa, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - East Africa, Ugandan lawmaker introduces new anti-LGBTQ legislation, French court to rule on TotalEnergies' east Africa projects, Jill Biden sees East Africa drought up close, seeks more aid, Kenya labor court rules that Facebook can be sued. In and around Quirimbas National Park in northern Mozambique, we have worked with farmers to minimize physical confrontation with elephants, protect crop fields and save lives. Home to some of the most spectacular and treasured life, the oceans and seas surrounding Africa contain a multitude of creatures that thrive in the warm and cold currents that run along our continent. HOW TO GET THE MOST OUT OF AFRICA GEOGRAPHIC: We're the Africa Geographic editorial team a diverse set of writers, editors, designers and social media natives, all united by our passion for this addictive continent. The Indian Ocean has cast up a wealth of literature that merges fact and fiction, the most familiar to us being The Seven Voyages of Sindbad as passed down in the The Arabian Nights. Twin parallel rift valleys that are part of the East African Rift System run through the region. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. You really can walk across the Red Sea at Sharm el-Sheik. It is lined with coral reefs, majestic islands, and, under the surface, animals bigger than any of the "Big Five", and none of them are in game parks! The different types of mangroves that were planted can withstand longer periods of flooding. Aiming to reduce illegal activities, WWF helped the governments of Tanzania and Mozambique agree to work cooperatively on improving forest management. Outside of protected areas, WWF supports joint antipoaching efforts, involving police, military and park service staff. One particularly powerful western boundary current is the Gulf Stream. [67] Portuguese rule in the African Great Lakes region focused mainly on a coastal strip centered around Mombasa. The Dragonfly Sea, by Yvonne Adhiambo Owuor. The Omani presence continued in Zanzibar and Pemba until the Zanzibar Revolution in 1964. Aromatic gums, tortoiseshell, ivory, and slaves were traded in return. This . However, the official Omani Arab presence in Kenya was checked by German and British seizure of key ports and creation of crucial trade alliances with influential local leaders in the 1880s. The region has endured the following post-colonial conflicts: Kenya has enjoyed relatively stable governance. collapse afer a 1500 year reign over the Southern Nile valley as a result of the migrating Noba, The immigration and Conquest of the Noba would culturally reshape the Sudanese nile valley and lead to the transition of the region into the 3 Nubian speaking Christian kingdoms afterwards, Makuria, Alodia (Also known as Alwa) and Nobatia as result of the Noba who likley spoke proto nubian.[43]. Linguistic evidence also indicates that Bantus most likely borrowed the custom of milking cattle directly from Cushitic peoples in the area. Coastal East Africa encompasses a beautiful tapestry of land and seafrom mountains and grasslands to mangroves and fringing coral reefs. [45] The ancient Puntites were a nation of people that had close relations with Pharaonic Egypt during the times of Pharaoh Sahure and Queen Hatshepsut. Some of the earliest hominin skeletal remains have been found in the wider region, including fossils discovered in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia, as well as in the Koobi Fora in Kenya and Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. There is little information concerning the period until the 8th century. Like their predecessors, the Omani Arabs were primarily able only to control the coastal areas, not the interior. Lake Niassa is an important source of freshwater, home to over 1000 fish species and critical to the livelihoods of the people of Mozambique. Miller, J. Innes. [23] Similarly, a positive Indian Ocean Dipole result in warm sea-surface temperatures off the coast of East Africa and lead to increased rainfall over East Africa. (1999). The main coastal settlements were situated on islands, largely, no doubt, because of the greater security these provided against attacks from the mainland; and their populations seem mostly to have been made up from migrants from the Persian Gulfsome from the great port of Srf, others from near Bahrainthough conceivably some too came from Daybul, at the mouth of the Indus River, in northwestern India. Precipitation also is affected by varying elevation: Uganda, Tanzania, and western Kenya receive plentiful rainfall, while Somalia, eastern Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya receive far less. Omani Arab colonization of the Kenyan and Tanzanian coasts brought the once independent city-states under closer foreign scrutiny and domination than was experienced during the Portuguese period. Copy. Elephants, rhinos, lions, wild dogs, and more iconic species roam the landscape. East Africa & Indian Ocean cruises. Portuguese trading stations in East Africa and the Slave trade. The coastline of South Africa, stretching 1,740 miles (2,800 kilometers) From Mozambique to Namibia, is presided over by two great oceanic systems: a powerful current on one side of the continent . No settlements from this period have been found. We help them increase crop yield, improving livelihoods and offering alternatives to poaching. Some parts of East Africa have been renowned for their concentrations of wild animals, such as the "big five": the elephant, buffalo, lion, black rhinoceros,[21] and leopard, though populations have been declining under increased stress in recent times, particularly those of the rhino and elephant. The kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world. 352-55), which traded East African products to India, the Far East, and the West. The largest ethnic groups in eastern Africa are the Oromo, Cushitic speakers who occupy much of southern Ethiopia, and the related Somali, who occupy all of Somalia, southeastern Ethiopia, and much of Djibouti. Annual rainfall here ranges from over 1,600mm (63in) on the western slopes to around 1,250mm (49in) at Addis Ababa and 550mm (22in) at Asmara. Joint operations have also improved the collaboration among different law enforcement institutions. South of Sarapion, Nikon, the Pyralaae Islands, and the island of Diorux (about whose precise location only speculation seems possible), the chief town was Rhapta, which may lie buried in the Rufiji delta of present-day Tanzania. Wildlife need corridors to move safely and easily between protected areas. 1. Kilwa Kisiwani, located on the southern coast of modern-day Tanzania, is a prime example of how city-states in Africa developed and became wealthy while maintaining autonomous rule. Sunday 6 October 2002. It also includes the world's second largest freshwater lake, Lake Victoria, and the world's second deepest lake, Lake Tanganyika. Weather extremes also severely threaten the regions traditional livelihoods of farming and fishing. The British Museum. But there is: underwater. But also because there are so many different tourist coasts along its length. Djibouti, as well as the Puntland and Somaliland regions of Somalia, have also seen relative stability. Some of the island's historical buildings could be seen from the ocean, especially the House of . Blue sharks have the largest distribution range around the globe, and are unfortunately the shark species targeted the most by fishermen for their fins. ~ Geo Cloete, ? eastern Africa, part of sub-Saharan Africa comprising two traditionally recognized regions: East Africa, made up of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda; and the Horn of Africa, made up of Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia. This current is generated because of upwelling of cold water near the west coast of Africa. WWF seeks to halt the illegal logging in Mozambique and Tanzania that is destroying vital coastal forests. We hope to create an unprecedented data set that will be shared among NGOs, governments, universities and scientists in order to assess coral and fish population health, human usage, and fishing practices. The Atlantic is, generally speaking, S-shaped and narrow in relation . We also introduced a new program of raising goats and offered improved husbandry techniques to reduce the animals impact on vegetation and crops. ceo@africageographic.com, Travel & conservation company, since 1991,
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