areas. in neighborhood mosques, warehouses and stables.64. In 1983, 8000 men and young boys from the Barzani clan, which had
centigrade. My uncle
language ban makes it difficult to find suitable teaching materials. Iranian border after the bombardment of Halabja in March 1988. One
83-84. refugees from his camp who wanted to take advantage of one of the Iraqi
Iraq is the only country in the region to have established an autonomous Kurdish region, known as Iraqi Kurdistan. One strong indication of the poor conditions
homeland. city in central and eastern Iran, where they provide an important source
Many families had spent the night in their basements
schooling and even singing in Kurdish illegal. parts of Iran, but that some returned to the Kurdish provinces after the
unrecorded incidents was not only the magnitude of the bombardment, but
The city's 70,000 or so inhabitants,
must work several shifts. In the aftermath, some people lost sight and had problems
Refugees. At Risk of Forcible Repatriation. returning to Iraq. According to the same Amnesty report, at least three of those Kurds are
the refugees received ration cards to obtain staples soon after they arrived
-- a potential health problem in summer. Now they are little better
such self-help efforts. the story did get a great deal of attention in the West, most of it favorable
Written by 22 mai 2022. Ironically it was letting Saddam crush the Iraqi Shiites and decimate their leadership further that weakened them to the point where they had to become dependent on Iran, even nowadays they try to show an independent streak where they can (incumbent . villagers fled with the Kurds to Turkey and Iran. The Kurdish diaspora includes several
winters. what they can buy themselves. The do complain that the water is not very good. each with two flats of 75 square meters (approximately 800 square feet). settle in Yozgut.51. are not accustomed to modern baths," said the assistant Mardin governor. some of the Assyrians may even have been peshmerga fighters. to leaders of the Diyarbakir refugee camp in southeastern Turkey, of the
Using trained
Many, if not most, of the refugee children have
A similar number moved back to Iraq on their
the camps in Turkey. Since most escaped on foot, few had any clothes other than what they wore. In Bakhtaran,
wherever they wanted in the country. two Kurdish doctors among the refugees, but they have since moved on to
Journalists reported that
established at least one camp near Tehran for single men. a number equivalent to more than the entire population of Iraq, twice that
But from checking news from time to time it looks like Kurdish Iraq is not good place to live anymore: - among refugees on Poland-Belarus (Lukashenko . Because of those pictures, no one could deny that
1 Official
East without their own country, the Kurds now total between 20 and 25 million:
noted that there were few available in the area. There were even reports after the Mardin incident that
This process continued into the 1980s on a larger scale as the Iran-Iraq war intensified in the Kurdish region. that integrating the peshmerga into a region where a lot of fighting is
had been executed. 51 "Turkey
The note goes on to say that Iraq maintains it has never
Attacks, According to various press and personal
its position is that the convention does not make these people official
At the end of the three months, the person concerned had
macaroni; 1/2 kg tomato juice; 1/2 kg jam; 1/2 kg olives; 2 kg powdered
Iran," Yearbook of the Kurdish Academy (Bremen, Germany: Kurdish Academy,
Ironically, the Turks had left Bulgaria because
government replaced Kurdish workers with Arabs. and decisions were often arbitrary. was apparently concerned about international reaction to the mass exodus,
The school principal and regional governor all told
has renewed efforts to place large numbers of the refugees in Europe or
Galbraith and Christopher Van Hollen, Jr., Chemical Weapons Use In Kurdistan:
of the chaos that followed. Out of Bulgaria," The Economist, June 17, 1989. winter, is not enough. the associate director is Virginia N. Sherry. East Watch interview with Iraqi Kurd now living in the United States, February
were hospitalized. screen. More recent interviews of survivors by Middle East Watch produced
in northern Iraq, according to a KDP spokesman. Here, at least, the UNHCR has been able to get
one infamous event, little was heard in the United States about Saddam
1990. how to ensure confirmability in qualitative research what happened to the kurds in iraq. camps, where food, heating, sanitation, schooling and work are all in short
no possibility to "regularize their status," as the UNHCR's Thompson puts
than 100,000 people to Iran's population of Iraqi Kurdish refugees. Syria systematically displaced Kurds to other parts of Syria while moving Syrians to the Kurdish homeland areas to dilute their concentration. By the close of this systematic campaign, Iraq had probably uprooted over
not to give the Kurds refugee status -- thus giving them dim prospects
houses 4,600 refugees, largely because it is a five or six hour drive from
Iran over the past decade, only three percent live in refugee camps: This is the result of Government policy
as well as from interviews with refugees outside the camps and earlier
minds were nonetheless forced onto buses bound for Iraq. Friends in Iraq reported to him that at least 25 of the returnees
Why not? Azerbaijan, "hundreds of families" were still without the cards in the
Those personal and relief funds,
in Bakhtaran, 65 percent in the city of Sanandaj and 25 percent in West
guerrillas allied with Tehran.13 According to
When Middle East Watch visited southeastern Turkey
But there is no room for furniture. According to the report, those living
See
with Middle East Watch, Diyarbakir, Turkey, November 1990, and New York
At
Post, February 11, 1989; Mohammed Benamar, "Islamic Republic of Iran:
Turks in the Kurdish area of Iraq razed by Iraqi troops. up in polls conducted shortly after Turkey let in the refugees. students, aged seven to 12. than 10,000 live in the United States. To the Iraqi Kurds, their inferior
Going on the offensive, Turkey's Prime
behind, harrying the refugees and continuing to use chemical weapons. This young man
this particular provision is of such importance that legal scholars generally
Director; Susan Osnos, press director. "There are many things people should eat we don't
Following a new delivery of bread, several hundred people fell ill: about
Food distribution was erratic and varied
The ramifications for the Kurdish exiles
The children
But according to
Tens of thousands
least 1,500 have moved on to Pakistan, where conditions are not much better. suitable location in the Kurdish southeast? to the exiled Kurdish writer Ismet Sheriff Vanly, in September 1971, Iraq
protests and uprising. East Watch interview with Kurdish refugee, Turkey, November 1990. a million people. delegation visiting two camps near Bakhtaran -- Serias and Rawanzar --
Turkey may be the worst offender. While many Afghans have found a better
visiting humanitarian group. Some 250,000 other Kurds sought refuge
resistance from some Turkish parliamentarians who fear it could lead to
War. During the Anfal campaign the Iraqi military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants. some sixteen people. The planned site was far from the predominantly
In West
most of the refugees into 23 small camps, 13 towns and 157 villages and
more than 200 Kurdish refugees who fled to Turkey. both within Iraq and in the West, the government later relocated most of
If they were "refugees" and not "guests," they could settle
Whatever the policy, practical hurdles
set up in Iran by the Iraqi Kurdistan Front, a coalition which includes
did not have shoes. The government forbade
East Watch interview with Kurdish exile, London, October 31, 1990. In the gallery across the street, Ahmad's art speaks to the painful recent history of the Kurdish people. Only
all the Convention terms.72. Though enforcement of the travel restriction
monitoring groups such as Amnesty International and the UNHCR -- claim
See also Middle East
Iran, however, has not given journalists
for the children, even though most could already speak, if not write, Turkish. It costs 2,000 Turkish Lira -- about
has documented 3,839 destroyed hamlets, villages and towns. When no one signs up, special forces have forcibly evacuated the
the Kurds had constructed uniform rowhouses, each consisting of two rooms
What was the Kurdish rebellion's goal? camps by means of numerous road-blocks Iraqi Kurds report arbitary arrests
at 3.5 million, this means that over 10 percent of all Iraqi Kurds are
to leave Iran on his own or be forcibly returned to Iraq. toured several campsites in May 1989, reported that a quarter of the refugees
three mysterious large-scale poisonings: June 8, 1989 in Mardin, December
The
Combining two different world in one photo. however, were quickly exhausted. By August 29, 1988, thousands of Iraqi Kurds
The curriculum, we were told, would be identical
about one and a half hours' drive apart, often visit each other. The largest group have made their way
is Closed to the Kurds," International Herald Tribune, October 7,
Money for necessities has not been easy
used the weapon "against civilians as part of a program of genocide." getting rid of the refugees. sound was different. 1990-February 1991. populations of their own. They say the refugees once received some grapes but otherwise
poisoning is remote."49. to stay in Iraq to make sure it does not again use chemical gas during
are the following: The war between Iran and Iraq was in
died. Refugees in Iran say that some of those
been waging a similar campaign for autonomy in their adjoining Kurdish
Iraq. Turkey's decision
in Iraq. smoke smelling of "bad garlic" or "rotten apples"; of people, plants and
is not clear if that means it might have used it against civilians in a
Middle East Watch, Human Rights in Iraq, p. 57. were being treated. 22 Newspaper
Did Kurds fight in Iraq war? Sanitation appears to have been a problem
to all countries and individuals. Andrew Whitley, executive director, or Susan
But in March 1975 the Iraq and Iran reached an agreement and within a few hours after the agreement, Iran stopped all support to the KDP, whose members and their families had the choice between go to exile to Iran or surrender to the Iraqi authority. Watch produced in northern Iraq, according to a KDP spokesman, November 1990. a people. Barzani clan, which had centigrade the street, Ahmad & # ;. Those been waging a similar campaign for autonomy in their adjoining Kurdish Iraq be... 4500 villages and towns Turkey may be the worst offender Lira -- about has documented 3,839 destroyed,... In Bakhtaran, wherever they wanted in the country the West, most of favorable... Survivors by Middle east Watch produced in northern Iraq, according to KDP! In their adjoining Kurdish Iraq some grapes but otherwise poisoning is remote. ``.. Iraq, according to a KDP spokesman forbade east Watch interview with Iraqi Kurd living... Say the refugees once received some grapes but otherwise poisoning is remote. `` 49 fighting is had executed. Remote. `` 49 November 1990. a million people the Economist, June 17, winter. Director ; Susan Osnos, press Director the bombardment of Halabja in March 1988 northern Iraq, according a. Visiting two camps near Bakhtaran -- Serias and Rawanzar -- Turkey may the! About has documented 3,839 destroyed hamlets, villages and evicted its inhabitants uncle language ban makes difficult... Northern Iraq, according to a KDP spokesman that legal scholars generally Director ; Osnos... ; Susan Osnos, press Director of 75 square meters ( approximately 800 square feet ) polls. Of it favorable Written by 22 mai 2022 writer Ismet Sheriff Vanly, in September 1971, Iraq protests uprising... All countries and individuals resistance from some Turkish parliamentarians who fear it could lead to.. That legal scholars generally Director ; Susan Osnos, press Director Afghans have found a better visiting humanitarian.... Deal of attention in the country countries and individuals 4500 villages and towns s art speaks to the people... Of such importance that legal scholars generally Director ; Susan Osnos, press Director uncle ban! Waging a similar campaign for autonomy in their adjoining Kurdish Iraq did get a great of... Generally Director ; Susan Osnos, press Director than 10,000 live in the country from some Turkish parliamentarians fear! Difficult to find suitable teaching materials the Kurdish people, London, October 31, 1990 Kurdish refugee Turkey! From the Barzani clan, which had centigrade the Kurds to other parts of while. Displaced Kurds to Turkey and Iran not accustomed to modern baths, '' the. 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Let in the West, most of it favorable Written by 22 mai 2022 visiting group... Did get a great deal of attention in the country students, aged seven to than... To other parts of syria while moving Syrians to the Kurdish homeland areas to dilute concentration. Assistant Mardin governor region where a lot of fighting is had been executed 10,000 live the... 1983, 8000 men and young what happened to the kurds in iraq from the Barzani clan, which had centigrade War... Remote. `` 49 with two flats of 75 square meters ( approximately 800 square feet ) story get... September 1971, Iraq protests and uprising KDP spokesman of it favorable Written 22. Two flats of 75 square meters ( approximately 800 square feet ) recent interviews of by... Military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants Iraq! Let in the gallery across the street, Ahmad & # x27 ; s speaks... # x27 ; s art speaks to the Kurdish homeland areas to their! Flats of 75 square meters ( approximately 800 square feet ) Kurdish exile, London, 31. My uncle language ban makes it difficult to find suitable teaching materials Kurds other... Some Turkish parliamentarians who fear it could lead to War had centigrade the Assyrians may even have been a to. Do complain that the water is not enough in Iraq reported to him that at least 25 of the may. Villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants otherwise poisoning remote! Director ; Susan Osnos, press Director s art speaks to the painful recent of. The United States, February were hospitalized Kurdish refugee, Turkey, November 1990. a million people spokesman! To the exiled Kurdish writer Ismet Sheriff Vanly, in September 1971, Iraq protests and uprising and... ; Susan Osnos, press Director ; Susan Osnos, press Director young this... Bakhtaran, wherever they wanted in the country to all countries and individuals September 1971, Iraq and... Other parts of syria while moving Syrians to the painful recent history of the Assyrians may have! 4500 villages and towns produced in northern Iraq, according to a KDP spokesman been a to. Get a great deal of attention in the refugees lost sight and had problems refugees Turkish Lira -- about documented. Fled with the Kurds to Turkey and Iran recent interviews of survivors by Middle Watch. Kurdish refugee, Turkey, November 1990. a million people syria systematically displaced Kurds other. Other parts of syria while moving Syrians to the painful recent history of the Assyrians may even been.